實例分析：長難句常考的三大經(jīng)典從句

一、從語法成分來看

　　1.定語從句

　　(1)The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

　　[參考譯文]

　　通過雇用大量的職業(yè)人才，這一變化滿足了新時代的技術(shù)要求，防止了效率下降——在過去，這種效率下降經(jīng)常使家族公司在充滿活力的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代或第三代毀掉全部財產(chǎn)。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句是一個并列句，以and連接；第一個分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements...，后面的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)by engaging a large professional element作狀語，說明met the technical requirements of the new age的方式；第二個分句的主干是(the change) prevented the decline in efficiency，后面的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾decline in efficiency。注意：engage此處的意思是“雇，聘”。

　　(2)A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

　　[參考譯文]

　　1996年進行的一項新聞?wù){(diào)查表明，反科學(xué)的標簽還被貼在其他許多團體身上——從主張消滅最后剩下的各種天花病毒的機構(gòu)，到主張減少基礎(chǔ)研究經(jīng)費的共和黨人。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句的主干是A survey...reveals that...，主語是survey，謂語是reveals，后面的that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，其主干是：the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well，后面的部分是from和to連接的兩個名詞：from authorities...to Republicans...，說明other groups的內(nèi)容，而兩個名詞后面各自帶一個定語從句，都由who引導(dǎo)。

　　The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers。

　　[參考譯文]

　　讀者對新聞媒體令人驚訝的不信任并非源于報道失實或報道技能較差，而是源于記者和讀者之間世界觀的日常沖突。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句的主干是distrust ... isn’t rooted in... but in... (不信任的根源不是…而是…)，其中be rooted in... 的意思是“根源在于…”。注意：這是一種特殊句式，重點在but之后的部分。

　　2.名詞性從句

　　Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.

　　[參考譯文]

　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化非常推崇這樣一種理念：出現(xiàn)在用戶屏幕上的信息應(yīng)該是根據(jù)用戶特定要求發(fā)送過來的。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句的主干是Online culture thinks highly of the notion that...，其中notion后面的that引導(dǎo)一個同位語從句，說明notion的具體內(nèi)容；同位語從句的主干是the information...comes there...，其中flowing onto the screen作定語，修飾the information，句末的by specific request作狀語，修飾come there。

　　3.狀語從句

　　Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.

　　[參考譯文]

　　消費者們看上去只是有點擔(dān)心，而沒有恐慌，很多消費者說盡管他們正在把開支緊縮一點，但是他們對經(jīng)濟的長期前景仍然保持樂觀。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句是以and連接的并列句，其中第二個分句的主干是many say...，say后面的部分是賓語從句，其中還包含一個as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

　　二、從句子間關(guān)系來看

　　1、主從復(fù)合句

　　When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

　　[參考譯文]

　　當藝術(shù)上的一項新運動達到一定流行程度時，最好先弄清該運動倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因為，無論他們的創(chuàng)作原則在今天看來多么牽強、多么荒謬，在未來這些理論有可能會被視為正常的東西。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一個并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容詞farfetched and unreasonable引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示讓步。在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it是形式主語，后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主語。

　　2、并列句

　　While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

　　[參考譯文]

　　與你談話時，可能成為你未來老板的人會考慮你所受的教育、你的經(jīng)歷和你的其他資歷是否在雇傭你以后會給他帶來好處。你的“資歷”和能力必須有條不紊、合理連貫地展示出來。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　這也是一個并列句，包含兩個分句。第一個分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二個分句的主干是your “wares” and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth。此處的意思是“做…對…有利”；“wares”的本義是“商品、貨物”，但在本文中，作者認為找工作就是推銷自己，所以結(jié)合本文的背景，wares的意思是“(求職者的)資歷或能力”。