2017語特殊句型之部分倒裝

　　英語的最基本的結構是主、謂結構，倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒。英語的倒裝結構分為兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。上一期已經跟大家分享了完全倒裝的常見結構以及真題例句。今天，輔導老師繼續(xù)上期話題，將部分倒裝的相關知識分享給大家。

　　常見的部分倒裝結構：

　　(1) only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首時：

　　I realized the importance of learning English only then. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.

　　You can learn English well only in this way. Only in this way can you learn English well.

　　One knows freedom’s value only when one loses it. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

　　(2) 否定詞或表否定意義的詞：seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, few, neither, nor等位于句首時：

　　I have never seen such a beautiful place. Never have I seen such a beautiful place.

　　I seldom go to the cinema. Seldom do I go to the cinema.

　　
　　(3) so位于句首，并用于重復前面的部分內容，表示“某人/某事也如此”時：

　　He has been to Beijing. So have I. I have been to Beijing too.

　　He likes reading very much. So do I. I like reading too.

　　Notes: 1. so 引導的倒裝句中的謂語與前句的謂語時態(tài)保持一致。

　　
　　2. 若so引導的句子主語與前句主語一致，表示“某人確實如此”時，無需倒裝。

　　Betty is a pretty girl. So she is.

　　Tom works really hard. So he does.

　　
　　(4) 含no的短語置于句首時：

　　In no way can we allow this to happen.

　　By no means should he be left alone.

　　In no case are you to leave him alone.

　　On no account should we leave him alone.

　　Under no circumstances can we destroy our environment.

　　No longer are they seeing each other.

　　
　　(5) not 短語位于句首時：

　　Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact. (主句倒裝，not until引導的從句不倒裝)

　　Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. (緊跟not only的句子倒裝)

　　Not a moment did she waste when she was studying abroad.　　

　　(6) 比較狀語從句中的倒裝：比較結構的后面部分可以進行部分倒裝，后面部分的謂語的時態(tài)與前面謂語的時態(tài)保持一致

　　I can run faster than he does. I can run faster than does he.

　　He ran as fast as my brother did. He ran as fast as did my brother.

　　The greater the number of the free electrons(電子) in a material is, the better is the conductivity(導電性) of the material.

　　
　　(7) 在由so+adj/adv+that和such that引導的結果狀語從句中：

　　He works so hard that he has made great progress in English. So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English

　　The attack was so suddenly that we had no time to escape. So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape.

　　He speaks so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. So loudly does he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

　　除了以上和之前總結的完全倒裝和部分倒裝結構，英語中還有以下常見的倒裝結構，大家需要注意：

　　條件句與讓步狀語從句中的倒裝：

　　
　　(8) if引導的條件句中，當謂語動詞包含were/should/had時，可以省略if并且從句倒裝：

　　If I were you, I would work hard. Were I you, I would work hard.

　　If it should rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting. Should it rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting.

　　If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded. Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

　　
　　(9) though/as(雖然，盡管)引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝：

　　Though he was surrounded by the enemy, he was not afraid. Surrounded though he way by the enemy, he was not afraid.

　　Although I like you very much, I will not marry you. Much as I like you, I will not marry you.

　　Although he is a child, he has to make a living. Child as he is, he has to make a living.

　　Although she might try, she could not pass the exam. Try though she might, she could not pass the exam.

　　Although I am ugly, I am gentle. Ugly as I am, I am gentle.

　　Notes: 從句的表語是名詞，名詞位于句首時，前面不加任何冠詞

　　至此。有關倒裝結構的相關知識已給大家總結如上。倒裝結構是考研英語難點之一，了解和掌握常見的倒裝結構，可以幫助大家很快識別長難句中的倒裝并還原為正常語序，從而肅清句子理解的障礙。